Derivative Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Derivative Investment - Essay Example The other option available is to default the payment on the mortgage. It may be noted that both of these options are available with the borrower. In this context this paper presents a report on the features of the mortgage in general and an analytical study of the implicit options contained in them through an illustration. A mortgage bond issue is secured by a lien on the specific assets of an individual or a business corporation - usually fixed assets. The specific property securing the bonds is described in detail in the mortgage which is the legal document, giving the bondholder a lien on the property. As with other secured lending arrangements the market value of the collateral should exceed the amount of the amount lent or the amount of bond issue by a reasonable margin of safety. If the corporation or the individual defaults in any of the provisions of the bond indenture the lender or the trustee on behalf of the bondholders, has the power to foreclose. In a foreclosure the lender or the trustee takes over the property and sells it using the proceeds to pay the amount of debt due to the lender. If the proceeds are less than the amount of bond issue or the loan amount outstanding the bondholders or the creditor become an unsecured creditor for the balance amount. A company may have more than one bond issue secured by the same property. If a bond issue is secured by a second mortgage and the first mortgagee forecloses the first mortgage bond-holders must be paid the full amount owed them before there can be any distribution to the second mortgage bondholders (James C. Van Horne) 3.0 Kinds of Mortgages There are basically two kinds of mortgage loans; fixed rate mortgages and adjustable rate mortgages. 3.1 Fixed Rate Mortgages Fixed rate mortgages represent a very stable and popular type of mortgage. In a fixed rate mortgage the rate of interest is fixed for the life of the loan. The repayments are equal and occur at regular intervals. Normally the repayment is fixed on a monthly basis. The monthly payments constitute the payment of interest on the remaining balance and the repayment of a part of the principal amount. The mortgage term extends normally from 15 to 30 years. The fixed mortgage can be prepaid at any point of time at the discretion of the borrower. The risk on the interest rates and the prepayment risks are taken into the account of the lender. Fixed rate mortgages carry several definite advantages. The chief advantage is that in fixed rate mortgage the interest and the repayment are protected from inflation. Irrespective of the increases in the interest rates caused by any inflation the principal and interest remain same in the fixed rate mortgage. It also helps in the financial planning of t he individuals. The fixed rate mortgages are generally considered as low risk loans as the interest rate is not affected by the changes due to inflation. 3.2 Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM) According to the Federal Reserve Board the adjustable rate mortgages are loans that possess the interest rate that changes periodically or according to the loan covenants. There may be instances where the ARMs may start with lower monthly payments than fixed rate mortgages but may increase over a period of time depending upon the terms of the mortgage. For the same amount of loan the ARM

Which Sources of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Which Sources of Knowledge Essay Which Sources of Knowledge books, web sites, the media, personal experience, authorities or some other- do you consider most trustworthy, and why? Who Can You Trust? In a world filled with more accessible information than ever before, it is much more difficult to evaluate what is truth and what is not. Which sources can you trust? From books to personal experience, one must look carefully at each and determine its level of reliability. Some of the most trusted sources of knowledge are books. Almost everything we learn in school is from a book. We spend close to $300 every year to buy these teaching tools. Yet, have we ever stopped to think about the credibility of these sources? Many of us read books and automatically assume that the information is true. Our knowledge obtained from books is purely authoritative knowledge (with some exceptions). Therefore, we cannot fully trust the information in a book unless the authorities are credible. How can we establish this credibility? A books credibility relies on its authors credentials, sources, publisher, and copyright date. The author should be qualified in his or her field. One flaw in the book Mere Christianity is the fact that C. S. Lewis is not a qualified theologian, so a reader cannot accept all of his ideas so readily. A reader should always take into account the bibliography to ensure that the author is using factual sources. The book should be published by a well-known company, so that the reader knows the information has been rigorously tested and evaluated. In any book, one should always consider the copyright date. For literature, this will help the reader understand the historical context of the language, ideas, and arguments presented in the story. For science books, the copyright date must be new, because scientific knowledge changes almost every day. More importantly than any of these, it is up to the reader to read critically, being aware of any biases. For example, history books cannot always be trusted because history is often seen through a narrow scope. The American Revolution is so embraced by Americans because the Patriots fought against British oppression and taxes. However, the British taxes were not oppressive at all; they were actually negligible compared to the taxes we pay today. History books bring with them another area of knowledge with its own problems. It is impossible to completely record the events of history with perfect accuracy. Everything written should be read with a critical eye. While much information is obtained through books, surely the largest source of information is the Internet. Can web sites be trusted? Once again, we are faced with the problems of authoritative knowledge with Internet web sites. They are created by someone whom you most likely do not know, so how can you be sure that the information given is truth? Web sites should be treated in the same manner as books, but more web sites should be less trusted than books for several reasons. Almost anybody can create a website, but not everybody can publish a book. A web site does not undergo the same rigorous editing tests that books do. A class of 16 year olds created websites for a school project, but not all of those websites contain truth. When obtaining information from the Internet, it would be even more important to compare the information given from many different web sites. If the same information is found repeatedly and consistently in many different web sites, it is most likely a sure fact. Again, a critical eye must be used, making sure the web site creator bases his or her arguments on logical reasoning and accepted facts, and not careless emotions. Books and web sites are generally trusted sources of knowledge, but the media is a highly criticized medium, for good reason.

Importance of Loyalty in the Epic of Gilgamesh :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Loyalty in The Epic of Gilgamesh The ancient Mesopotamian writing, The Epic of Gilgamesh, gives readers insight into the traditions and customs of the people who wrote it. Like all epics, The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of a heroic national figure: this epic gives the story of the life of Gilgamesh from his birth as two-thirds god, one-third man to his death. Throughout the epic the importance of loyalty is addressed. In The Epic of Gilgamesh readers see that loyalty is the most important aspect of a Mesopotamian relationship and that there are always consequences for violating trust. Insight into loyalty and the consequences of violating loyalty is first along with the civilization of Enkidu. Before his civilization "Enkidu ate grass in the hills with the gazelle and lurked with the wild beasts; he had joy of water with the heads of wild game" (63). Not only did Enkidu live with the animals of the hills "he helps the wild game to escape; he fills in my pits and pulls up my traps" (64). The animals of the hills trusted Enkidu. No other man would be allowed to run with these animals, but they accepted Enkidu. The young trapper became displeased with the actions of Enkidu. The trapper journeys to Uruk to seek advice from Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh advises the trapper to "go back, take with you a child of pleasure. At the drinking-hole she will strip, and when he sees her beckoning he will embrace her and the game of the wilderness will surely reject him" (64). This passage demonstrates the known consequences of violating a loyalty. Gilgamesh knows that Enkidu will not be able to resist the temptation of a woman. The animals of the hills distrust humans and by being with a woman Enkidu will violate the trust of the animals. The trapper takes a harlot and returns the fields. Gilgamesh's plan works well: "As he lay on her murmuring love she taught him the woman's art. For six days and seven nights they lay together, for Enkidu had forgotten his home in the hills; but when he was satisfied he went back to the wild beasts. Then when the gazelle saw him, they bolted away" (65). Just as Gilgamesh had predicted Enkidu gave into human desire and became civil. The animals were betrayed and no longer accepted Enkidu as of their own.

Dworkins Wishful-Thinkers Constitution Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Dworkin's Wishful-Thinkers Constitution ABSTRACT: Developing ideas first put forth in my Abortion Rights as Religious Freedom, I argue against Ronald Dworkin's liberal view of constitutional interpretation while rejecting the originalism of Justices Scalia and Bork. I champion the view that Justice Black presents in his dissent in Griswold v. Connecticut. INTRODUCTION In Life's Dominion Ronald Dworkin uses a liberal interpretation of the Constitution to defend constitutional rights to abortion and euthanasia. (1) According to Dworkin, the Constitution "lays down general, comprehensive moral standards that government must respect but ... leaves it to ... judges to decide what these standards mean in concrete circumstances" (p. 119). Any right can become constitutionally protected if five Supreme Court justices declare it so. As with Peter Pan, so with rights protected by the Constitution, believing makes it so. In this paper I explain and reject Dworkin's arguments for his view of constitutional interpretation. But with Dworkin, I reject the "originalism" of Justice Scalia and Robert Bork. I champion, instead, the moderate view that Justice Hugo Black presents in his dissent in Griswold v. Connecticut. (2) DWORKIN'S ARGUMENTS Dworkin notes that the Constitution's language, especially in several clauses of the Bill of Rights, is very abstract. The First Amendment says that Congress shall not infringe freedom of speech, shall not restrict freedom of religion, and shall not establish any religion. But it says nothing to help judges decide whether specific laws against pornography or flag burning offend freedom of speech [or] whether laws that ... forbid Native Americans to ingest peyote ... invade freedom of re... ...381 U.S. 479 (1965). (3) Lochner v. New York 198 U.S. 45 (1905). (4) Pierce v. Society of Sisters 268 U.S. 510 (1925). (5) Griswold v. Connecticut 381 U.S. 479, Harlan's concurring opinion at 500. (6) Casey v. Planned Parenthood 60 LW 4795 (June 30, 1992). (7) Griswold, at 522. (notes omitted) (8) Griswold, at 513. (9) Griswold, footnote 6 at 514. (10) Griswold, at 519. (11) Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46, 90-92 (1947)(Black dissenting). The inserted quote is from Federal Power Commission v Pipeline Co., 315 U. S. 575, 599, 601, n. 4. The entire passage is quoted in Griswold, at 525. (12) Peter S. Wenz, Abortion Rights as Religious Freedom (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992). (13) See Wenz, pp. 163-167. (14) Calder v. Bull, 3 Dal. 386, 399; quoted in Griswold, at 525. (15) Griswold, at 519. (16) Griswold, at 501.

Indian two-wheeler industry Essay

Overview The Indian two-wheeler (2W) industry recorded sales volumes of 13. 4 million units in 2011-121, a growth of 14. 0% over the previous year. In a year wherein growth in other automobile segments particularly, passenger vehicle (PV) and medium & heavy commercial vehicle (M&HCV), slowed down to single digits – marred by demand slowdown due to northward movement of inflation, fuel prices and interest rates – the 14% growth recorded by the 2W industry remained steady. However, the momentum in the 2W industry’s volume growth too has been losing steam lately as evident from the relatively lower volume growth of 11. 0% recorded in H2, 2011-12 (YoY) against a growth of 17. 1% recorded in H1, 2011-12 (YoY). The deceleration in growth is largely attributable to the motorcycles segment which grew at a much lower rate of 7. 8% (YoY) in H2, 2011-12 vis-a-vis 16. 4% in H1, 2011-12; even as the scooters segment continued to post 20%+ (YoY) expansion during both halves of the last fiscal. With this, the share of the scooters segment in the domestic 2W industry volumes increased to 19. 1% in 2011-12 from 17. 6% in 2010-11. Overall, ICRA expects the domestic 2W industry to report a volume growth of 8-9% in 2012-13 as base effect catches up with the industry that has demonstrated a strong volume expansion over the last three years at cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21. 8%. Over the medium term, the 2W industry is expected to report a volume CAGR of 9-11% to reach a size of 24-26 million units (domestic + exports) by 2016-17, as we believe the various structural positives associated with the domestic 2W industry including favourable demographic profile, moderate 2W penetration levels (in relation to several other emerging markets), under developed public transport system, growing urbanization, strong replacement demand and moderate share of financed purchases remain intact. Table 1: Trend in Sales Volumes of the Indian 2W Industry Volumes (Units, Nos.) Domestic Motorcycles Scooters Mopeds Total Domestic 2010-11 9,019,090 2,073,797 697,418 11,790,305 Exports 2010-11 Motorcycles Scooters Mopeds Total Exports Source: SIAM Q1 2011-12 2,464,143 532,867 190,672 3,187,682 Q1 2011-12 1,480,983 52,312 6,295 1,539,590 1 Refers to domestic sales volumes ICRA LIMITED 482,566 20,949 1,461 504,976 YoY Growth (%) Q2 2011-12 Q3 2011-12 Q4 2011-12 2,558,515 650,155 192,859 3,401,529 2,556,782 659,643 186,472 3,402,897 2,514,699 720,176 206,863 3,441,738 Q2 2011-12 Q3 2011-12 Q4 2011-12 492,408 24,696 3,478 520,582 448,090 23,950 2,796 474,836. 434,521 21,010 1,341 446,872 2010-11 22. 9% 41. 8% 23. 5% 25. 8% 2010-11 34. 3% 73. 6% -8. 8% 35. 0% Q1 2011-12 17. 5% 13. 3% 21. 0% 17. 0% Q1 2011-12 27. 1% 100. 4% -44. 0% 28. 6% Q2 2011-12 15. 4% 29. 0% 7. 0% 17. 3% Q2 2011-12 31. 7% 88. 5% 159. 2% 34. 0% Q3 2011-12 9. 2% 21. 6% 2. 6% 11. 0% Q3 2011-12 21. 8% 92. 0% 188. 0% 24. 5% Q4 2011-12 6. 3% 29. 4% 16. 4% 11. 1% Q4 2011-12 18. 1% 29. 0% -2. 3% 18. 5% Corporate Ratings Anjan Deb Ghosh +91 22 3047 0006 anjan@icraindia. com Analyst Contacts: Subrata Ray +91 22 3047 0027 subrata@icraindia. com Jitin Makkar +91 124 4545 368jitinm@icraindia. com. MEDIUM TERM DEMAND DRIVERS STAY PUT An analysis of the mix of Indian populace and the structure of the Indian 2W industry brings to the fore several key attributes namely, India’s demographic advantage, moderate 2W penetration levels and shrinking of replacement cycle; factors that have combined to propel the industry’s volumes over the last 10 years from 4 million units in 2001 to 13 million units in 2011. In ICRA’s view, these growth drivers are likely to remain relevant over the medium term and continue to provide impetus to the industry’s volumes. Chart 1: Estimated population of India’s Youth (20-40 years age) 250 Demographic Advantage 229 207 206 189 200 161 157 million 150 100 41 million youth estimated to be added to India’s population mix over the next five years 50 0 2001 Male 2011E Female 2016E Source: Census 2001; Census 2011; ICRA’s Estimates In the age bracket of 20-40 years, which is the key target segment for 2W, around 77 million youth got added to the Indian population mix in the last decade, which has been the key contributor to the 2W industry’s volume growth over the last 10 years. India’s demography continues to remain favourably on its side with average age of 25 years, which is 9 years younger than China, and more than 12 years and 19 years younger than the US and Japan, respectively. Over the next five years, the incremental addition in India’s youth population is estimated to be ~41 million, a fairly large number that is likely to sustain the strong demand for 2W. The 20-40 years age group is characterized by a combination of earning power and high spending propensity, which should increase the likelihood of conversion of potential ownership into actual ownership. Chart 2: Trend in 2W Penetration in Indian Households 18 16 35% 13. 8 14 Underpenetrated Market 35% The 2W penetration level in Indian households was 12% in 2001. This low 2W penetration provided the structural thrust to the domestic industry’s volume growth over the last decade whose annualized volumes expanded by a factor of 3. 4x during this period. As of 2011, the 2W penetration levels in Indian households, while having increased to 21%, continue to remain moderate and much lower than in some of the other emerging markets such as Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand and Taiwan. Also, the penetration rates differ vastly between India’s rural and urban areas, with rural areas being under-penetrated by a factor of 2. 5x as compared to urban areas. Additionally, the social trend in favour of nuclear families is expected to further increase the number of households which could be potential targets for the 2W industry. 30% 12 million 40% 16. 8 25% 25% 10 7. 9 8 5. 4 6 20% 14% 15% 10% 4 7% 2 5% 0 0% 2001 No. of Rural Households 2011 No. of Urban Households 2W Penetration – Rural 2W Penetration – Urban Source: Census 2011 ICRA LIMITED Chart 3: Trend in 2W Population in India. 30 25 million 20 Population of 22. 5 million units, equivalent to cumulative 2W sales volumes from 1995 to 2001 Population of 51. 8 million units, equivalent to cumulative 2W sales volumes from 2007 to 2011 24. 0 15 13. 3 10 9. 3 5 0 2001 2W Population – Rural 2011 2W Population – Urban Source: Census 2011, SIAM, ICRA’s Estimates Chart 4: Age Profile of 2W in India 100% 90% 30% 39% 80% 70% 53% 17% 60% 50% 21% 40% 30% 35% 52% 20% 10% 0% 40% 11% Motorcycle > 10 years Scooters 6-10 years Source: SIAM, ICRA’s Estimates ICRA LIMITED Shrinking Replacement Cycle 27. 8 Mopeds 0-5 years. While the 2W population in India has more than doubled over the last decade, the replacement cycle is estimated to have reduced from around 7 years (in 2001) to around 5 years (in 2011). The reduction in 2W replacement cycle implies that the average annual mileage covered per 2W has been on the rise, given that (distance run multiplied by age) of 2Ws is unlikely to have changed much over the years. As per industry estimates, around 50% of the total domestic sales of 2W are now made to first-time buyers, 30% to customers looking to upgrade from their existing vehicle, and 20% to buyers seeking a second vehicle for the household. The break-up suggests that currently around 50% of the sales in the domestic 2W market are made to replacement buyers. Considering that the industry has sold around 49 million 2W in the domestic market in the last five years, the total replacement demand works out to be a fairly large number. Add to this the healthy growth in sales to first-time buyers in recent years, driven in particular by sales to the rural market, the replacement opportunity could only increase in the future. From the consumer perspective, although replacement involves fresh capital spending, the inducement of upgrading to an improved technology 2W, having better performance, features and more attractive styling; complemented with increased spending propensity are expected to be the prime ingredients feeding replacement demand. SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE 2W INDUSTRY The motorcycles segment accounts for a bulk of 2W industry’s sales volumes; however, the scooters segment has grown relatively faster over the last five years Chart 5: Trend in 2W Segment Volume Mix (Domestic) 100% 90%. 4. 5% 12. 0% Chart 6: Trend in segment-wise sales volume growth of 2W 5. 7% 5. 8% 6. 0% 5. 9% 5. 8% 45% 14. 5% 15. 5% 15. 6% 17. 6% 19. 1% 35% 80% 70% 25% 60% 50% 40% 83. 5% 15% 79. 8% 78. 7% 78. 4% 76. 5% 75. 1% 30% 5% 20% -5% 10% 0% 2006-07 Source: SIAM 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Motorcycles Scooters Mopeds 2011-12 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 -15% Motorcycles Scooters Mopeds Source: SIAM With sales volumes of 10. 1 million units, the motorcycles segment is the largest sub-segment of the domestic 2W industry accounting for a bulk of its volumes. However, over the last five years, the motorcycles segment has seen its volume share in the domestic 2W industry slide down to 75. 1% in 2011-12 from the highs of 83. 5% recorded in 2006-07. Although domestic motorcycle volumes grew at 9. 0% CAGR during the last five years, both the scooters segment as well as the mopeds segment grew at a much faster CAGR of 22. 2% and 17. 0%, respectively; contributing to reduction in the motorcycle segment’s volume share. The three 2W sub-segments are targeted at distinct consumer categories. The motorcycles are targeted at the male population in both rural areas as well as urban areas (with further segmentation based on usage pattern – family bike or individual bike, consumer profile – commuter Vs performance seeker etc); the scooters are more of an urban phenomenon targeted at the female population (TVS Scooty, Hero Pleasure), male population (Hero Maestro) as well as unisex offerings (Honda Activa, TVS Wego); mopeds are targeted at the lower middle-class segment and derive a large part of their volume share from the rural sector where they are used as a utility vehicle bearing heavy loads on rough village roads. While each of the three sub-segments has distinctive growth drivers, we expect the scooters segment to maintain its pace of growth faster than that of the 2W industry as a whole. The faster volume growth of the scooters segment is expected to be driven by (a) growing acceptability of gearless scooters, particularly by women; (b) rising urbanization and increasing proportion of working women; (c) expanding product offerings in the scooters segment; and (d) comparatively lower base. Accordingly, ICRA expects the scooters segment to gradually increase its share in the domestic 2W market from 19. 1% in 2011-12 to ~27% by 2016-17E. With this, the volumes in the domestic scooters market are estimated to get doubled by 2016-17E over the current levels.

The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay Example The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay The Smart Family Case Study Social Work Essay Essay We know far more about how to forestall the primary happening of ill-treatment than how to react efficaciously one time ill-treatment has occurred ( Munro, 2010, p. 22 ) Preventing injury is good, hence, to societal work with the Smart household, kids Zac, Karly and Tierney ; their Mum, Sam ; Paul, male parent of the misss ; and Mike, male parent of Zac. Focus on injury bar, nevertheless, can make defensive pattern, sing merely safeguarding public assistance and non its publicity ( Tunstill et al. , 2010 ) . Critical geographic expedition of both safeguarding and advancing of these childrens public assistance, hence, forms the footing of this essay, sing the application of child in demand and significant injury to the complexness of lives depicted. Critical rating of accomplishments and methods required in measuring rights and demands of these kids, will so be explored, followed by stairss which could be taken to safeguard and advance their public assistance. Relevant research informing my thought provides an grounds base for confirming statements made. Decisions drawn, nevertheless, are done so in acknowledgment that existent pattern would profit from battle with this household in measuring, planning and intervening. The Children Act ( 1989 ) [ CA ] places a responsibility on the local authorization to advance the public assistance of kids, supply services to those in demand and safeguard childrens public assistance by look intoing, and taking action, in state of affairss refering important injury, which I consider to be relevant as a societal worker in a instance affecting concerns sing the public assistance of three kids. Furthermore, as a figure of professionals are involved in working with the Smart household, the importance of multi-agency co-operation in safeguarding and advancing their public assistance, emphasised in Working Together ( DCSF, 2010 ) beneficial to engagement with this household, as is the policies item sing the execution of Children Act rules. Significant factors impacting the work undertaken with this household, nevertheless, are besides determined, in my position, by local authorization policy and bureaucratic procedure, construing how statute law and national policies are implemented with single households. Differential rates of tribunal order applications, for illustration have been found in demographically similar local governments ( Dickens et al. , 2007 ) , proposing work with this household to be impacted non merely through jurisprudence and policy creative activity but besides their execution at a local degree ( Marinetto, 2011 ) . Analyzing constructs of kid in demand and important injury relation to this instance, nevertheless, besides require consideration of critically using a researched grounds base to information gathered about the household. Nutritional lacks, for illustration, ensuing from sporadic repast proviso, a concern Sam s wellness visitant raised, can be damaging to all countries of kid wellness and development ( Kursmark and Weitzman, 2009 ) , proposing the Smart kids may non accomplish a sensible criterion of wellness and development ( s.17, CA ) . The relentless failure to supply equal nutrient constitutes neglect ( DCSF, 2010 ) proposing the presence of important injury, associating to wellness and developmental damages ( s.31, CA ) . Significant injury, nevertheless, must be attributable to the attention given by parents non being what it is sensible for them to give ( ibid. ) . Sing nutrient proviso therefore, I would reason, contexts of poorness require consideration, impacting 27 % of ki ds presently populating in the UK ( Adams et al. , 2012 ) . Sam and Paul s fiscal state of affairs, hence, might order how possible it is for them provide regular repasts, doing the kids to necessitate services which promote their public assistance ( s.17, CA ) . Without this context, nevertheless, the kids may be enduring important injury, through their parents unreasonably denying them regular repasts ( s.31, CA ) . Food insecurity has besides been associated with projecting behaviors ( Belsky, et al. , 2010 ) , highlighted in Zac s aggression at school. Furthermore, regular repasts have been linked with educational accomplishment ( Roustit et al. , 2010 ) , proposing Zac s current cognitive troubles, reading 4 old ages below his existent age, may be attributable to a deficiency of nutrient. Whilst Zac s educational development suggests his being a kid in demand, relevancy of important injury is less clear, in that without measuring causes of cognitive hold, the part of nutrient proviso to such troubles can non be ascertained and, as such, the extent to which parental attention is deficient. Zac s current hold may besides be associated with hapless attending at primary school, which is linked with hapless attainment ( Sheppard, 2009 ) and behavioral troubles ( Carroll, 2011 ) . Furtermore, Karly s attending at primary school is besides hapless, which if non addressed may take to similar developm ental damages, associating to constructs of kid in demand. Inconsistent nutrient proviso may besides be impacting Tierney s development, who at 18 months is non walking and appears to hold delayed address, developmental concerns consistent with constructs of kid in demand. Whilst specialist appraisals may bespeak medical parts, nutritionary lack impacts physiological and cognitive development, required in linguistic communication development ( Rosales et al. , 2009 ) and larning to walk ( Hanson et al. , 2011 ) . Parental disregard has besides been linked to linguistic communication hold ( Vernon-Feagans et al. , 2012 ) and deficiency of modus operandi and hapless life conditions, both identified as debatable for the Smart household, are prevailing in instances of disregard ( Long et al. , 2012 ) . As such, Tierney s place environment may be lending to her linguistic communication hold. At 18 months, nevertheless, address development is varied and what appears to be delay, may non be declarative of debatable linguistic communication developm ent ( Graham, 2011 ) , proposing, in my position, that the extent of current concerns, in isolation are deficient to represent significant injury. Lack of modus operandi and boundaries, might besides be related to Zac being found by the constabulary, unsupervised in the metropolis Centre, at 10pm, proposing inattentive parenting, through a deficiency of equal supervising ( DCSF, 2010 ) , or parental control ( s. 31, CA ) . Sleep want has been linked to hapless attending and impulsivity ( Beebe, 2011 ) , noted as concerns for Zac, as such current modus operandis, or deficiency thereof, restricting the security of sufficient slumber, may be impacting his ability to keep a sensible criterion of development ( s.17, CA ) . Establishing the presence of everyday, or grade of supervising, is non possible on the footing of a remarkable event and as such the relevancy of significance injury in relation to these factors is hard to determine with extra information, doing it a cardinal consideration within appraisal. Lack of household modus operandi and predictability could besides be lending to Zac s behavior at school ( Deater- Deckard et al. , 2009 ) , and farther exacerbated if concerns sing domestic force between Paul and Sam are found to be accurate ( Moylan et al. , 2010 ) . Populating in contexts of force additions hazard to kids of physical and emotional maltreatment ( Montgomery, 2009 ) and can impact unafraid fond regard development ( Levendosky et al. , 2011 ) , which I consider notable as Tierney is at a cardinal age for this, necessitating sensitive and antiphonal attention givers ( Beijersbergen, et al. , 2012 ) and Zac s early fond regard relationships are likely to hold been disrupted by frequent Foster attention arrangements ( Leve et al. , 2012 ) . In visible radiation of this, should domestic force be apparent, important injury may be relevant and irrespective of its presence, current struggles and instability in the household place, are likely to be impacting the childrens e motional development, proposing their being kids in demand ( Cummings and Schatz, 2012 ) . Significant injury frequently consequences from the long-standing impact of an accretion of factors, instead than necessitating a remarkable traumatic event ( DCSF, 2010 ) . Assessment, hence, requires skilled critical contemplation upon the inter-relatedness and cumulative consequence of factors, both damaging and protective ( Rose and Barnes, 2008 ) . In isolation, for illustration, there may be no grounds that Sam is presently misapplying any substances. Associations exist, nevertheless, between substance abuse and domestic force ( Gilbert et al. , 2012 ) and with helter-skelter life styles ( Straussner, 2011 ) , both possible concerns for Sam. Sing their cumulative consequence, hence, the likeliness of substance usage still being debatable could increase, later rising, in visible radiation of its impact on kid public assistance, hazard of important injury ( Traube, 2012 ) . Ecological attacks, hence, which consider the relationships between assorted parts of a system, can make a context for pull offing the complex interconnection of relationships, assisting to avoid minimization happening when jobs are viewed in isolation ( MacKenzie et al. , 2011 ) . The complex interplay of factors impacting the Smart kids, I would propose, requires a thorough cognition of the household s instance file, including events which antecedently escalated hazard of injury or promoted the childrens public assistance, supplying penetration into current fortunes. Chronologies and genograms can supply ocular AIDSs in analyzing such events and relationships and their impact upon one-another. Genograms can besides beneficially be constructed in coaction with households, foregrounding unknown relationships and researching conflictual 1s. Good readying can besides back up the ability to organize swearing relationships rapidly, in pass oning attention for, and competency working with, households, which I would propose, is cardinal in making relationally-interactive appraisals, founded on rules of empathy, regard and transparence ( Healy and Darlington, 2009 ) . Making contexts where collaborative geographic expedition of appraisal can happen, in my position should besides be valued, roll uping everyone s positions, kids, parents and professionals, on jobs and strengths within the household and affecting them in determining the intent and way of appraisal ( Gallagher et al. , 2011 ) . Collaboration, nevertheless, is a bipartisan procedure and should besides affect being clear about concerns and on a regular basis discoursing how the childrens public assistance is presently being safeguarded and promoted ( OLeary et al. , 2012 ) . Families may be intelligibly loath to prosecute in such relationships, nevertheless, comprehending appraisal to affect experts specifying parenting competence and judging them as adequate or non ( Buckley et al. , 2010 ) . Researching the presence of domestic force with Sam, for illustration, may differ if she views my function as join forcesing with her to implement programs which make things better for her household, than if she views my function as measuring hazard to the kids and her insufficiency in protecting them from injury. Effective communicating, a warm, empathic attack and continuity may hence be required, in disputing this perceptual experience and undertaking appraisal in a manner which seeks echt coaction, instead than tokenism ( Platt, 2012 ) . Pauls incompatibility within the household place and the absence of information sing Mike s current engagement in Zac s life, may take me to give less significance to their battle in the appraisal procedure, puting outlooks to supply good plenty parenting, entirely upon Sam ( Brown et al. , 2009 ) . Irrespective of Paul and Mike s legal parental duty, nevertheless, determined by their names being on birth certifications ( s.2, CA ) , they play an of import function in the lives of their kids, impacting public assistance and development through presence and absence ( Coakley, 2013 ) . As such I consider it of import to measure the function that these male parents presently play in household life, the engagement they would wish to hold and hazards and strengths associated with such engagement ( Maxwell et al. , 2012 ) . Observations, in my position, are besides a cardinal component of appraisal, both of relational interactions and of life environment ( Urwin and Sternberg, 2012 ) . They have the potency, nevertheless, to be intrusive, unrepresentative of existent attention and undermining of coaction with parents. Clear apprehension, hence, by all involved, of their nature and intent should be facilitated ( Welbourne, 2012 ) . Whilst multiple observations may make a more holistic image of household life, cut downing the impact of perceiver effects ( Gambrill, 2012 ) , in world, measure may be determined by clip graduated tables. This creates chance, nevertheless, in my position, for collaborative appraisal, discoursing with Paul and Sam how interactions may hold occurred otherwise, had I non been at that place, bespeaking penetration into, and valuing their expertness in, good plenty parenting. Childs have a right to hold their positions heard and taken earnestly ( UNCRC, 1989 ) and as such, I would reason, should be actively involved in the whole appraisal procedure, doing versions, in visible radiation of their developmental capablenesss, to enable battle. Clear and simple linguistic communication is required in explicating the intent of appraisal, as is deriving feedback corroborating understanding and researching their positions on the best ways to set about them ( Petrie, 2011 ) . Practical activities, in visible radiation of Zac s educational troubles, could better enable his battle, such as snaping of import things in his life, opening up treatments around strengths, concerns, wants and feelings ( Pimlott-Wilson, 2012 ) . Karly, being younger, could prosecute through drama activities, utilizing playthings and fanciful drama to show feelings about current state of affairss, without holding to speak straight about them ( Landreth, 2012 ) . Tierney, I would propose, is harder to prosecute straight in appraisal due to her communicative abilities. Behavioural communicating, nevertheless, I would propose can uncover a great trade and I would propose that skilled consciousness of this would be relevant to all three kids ( Handley and Doyle, 2012 ) . Consideration should non merely be given sing how to integrate their positions in programs made, but how, when made, such programs are communicated sensitively, clearly and candidly to all three kids, giving consideration to their developmental capablenesss ( Polkki et al. , 2012 ) . Assessment is an ongoing procedure and should non, in my position, be seen merely as a predecessor to intercession ( Brandon et al. , 2009 ) . In visible radiation of this, it is possible to get down sing stairss which can be taken to safeguard and advance the public assistance of these kids, whilst recognizing the uncertainness which accompanies the uninterrupted alterations prevalent within household life and therefore the demand for dynamic programs which can accommodate to suit these ( Welbourne, 2012 ) . Supplying it is safe to make so, kids should be supported to turn up within their ain household ( CA, 1989 ) . Steps taken, hence, to safeguard and advance the public assistance of Zac, Karly and Tierney should seek to continue this right. Consideration, nevertheless, must besides be given to their wellness and development and whether staying within the household is likely to, or ensuing in, important injury ( s.31, ibid. ) . Even where legal stairss are being considered, nevertheless, I would reason that the continuance of collaborative relationships with parents should still be sought, as greater battle is likely to be seen if programs are constructed in partnership with parents ( Gallagher et al. , 2011 ) . It may be that the public assistance of all three kids can be safeguarded and promoted by Zac temporarily populating off from the household place, leting Sam to concentrate on the attention of Karly and Tierney, as she has demonstrated capacity, in the yesteryear, to rear younger kids given sufficient support. In visible radiation of this, nevertheless, it is of import that such stairss are non taken because Zac is seen to be a job but because it would be more good for him than keeping the position quo. Greater paternal contact, may be one such benefit achieved, by researching the possibility of Zac populating with his Dad under a abode order ( s.8, CA ) . With the information presently provided, nevertheless, the suitableness of such a arrangement needs careful consideration, including Mike s capacity to parent, giving peculiar respect to his old substance abuse and its impact on his attention of Zac. If this is non possible, it may be that Zac has strong positive relationships with Paul s drawn-out household, whom he could populate with, as affinity attention has been found to hold positive impacts on individuality formation, stableness of arrangement and behavioral and mental wellness results ( OBrien, 2012 ) . Suiting Zac outside of the household place, nevertheless, does non intend his public assistance will needfully be holistically promoted. His emotional and behavioral development may be declarative of attachment troubles ( Fearon et al. , 2010 ) and a mentoring strategy, which have been found to back up positive emotional development in male childs exposing aggressive behaviors ( Younger and Warrington, 2009 ) , may be of benefit to Zac. Educational concerns have besides been highlighted for Zac and although a more stable, place environment may back up his educational development ( Turley et al. , 2010 ) , sufficient damage may hold already occurred to justify specialized support. Whilst Zac s school may be better positioned to ease this, I would propose it to be a cardinal portion of programs for advancing his public assistance. Sam s capacity to parent, even two kids, may besides be significantly impacted by domestic force ( Levendosky et al. , 2011 ) . If undermentioned appraisal, it is found to be present, the hazard of injury to kids populating in contexts of force ( Stanley, 2011 ) , could make the demand for attention order applications ( s.31, CA ) or voluntary Foster attention ( s.20, ibid. ) , in regard of Karly and Tierney. If Sam is willing to prosecute with support, nevertheless, she could be supported to populate independently, with her two kids. Significant hazard of force continues, nevertheless, when domestically violent relationships end, necessitating extra stairss to protect Sam and her kids, from continued hazard of force ( Stanley et al. , 2012 ) . Enabling safe and productive contact, between Paul and his kids, would besides necessitate consideration, including the misss wants and feelings sing this ( Featherstone and Fraser, 2012 ) . If both Paul and Sam, nevertheless, admit to the for ce, engage with support and commit to taking it from their relationship, it may be that they can stay living as one household unit, although careful consideration is required as to how such committednesss can be monitored and what domestic force support is available for the whole household ( Stanley, 2011 ) . Irrespective of the presence of force, nevertheless, Paul s inconsistent life agreements, combined with regular statements, create struggle and instability which could impact emotionally upon the misss ( Davies et al. , 2012 ) and hence stairss are required to safeguard and advance their emotional public assistance, researching options of permanence for Paul and curative household work being undertaken, happening less confrontational declarations to dissensions ( Cummings and Schatz, 2012 ) . Lack of modus operandi, in my position, is impacting multiple countries of the childrens public assistance, including school attending and meal proviso. Colorful charts puting out day-to-day modus operandis, such as repasts, school, drama, bathing and bedtimes, created in coaction with the household, could reenforce the childrens basic demands, act as a ocular reminder for keeping modus operandi, make undertakings seem more manageable and create reassurance for the misss around their demands being met ( Rees, 2011 ) . Such a tool can back up mensurable results, with place visits happening at cardinal times, to supervise advancement and supply support where it is needed. For such intercessions to be effectual, nevertheless, the continued development of collaborative, swearing and supportive relationships is required, whilst being clear about the necessity of the childrens demands being met ( Darlington et al. , 2010 ) . Tierney s public assistance, in peculiar, could be promoted through utilizing a local childrens Centre, back uping linguistic communication development, mobility, attachment relationships and supplying rearing support ( Sheppard, 2012 ) . Whilst attending can non be mandatory, Sam has engaged with support in the yesteryear and, I would propose, collaborative planning will increase the opportunities of her engaging once more ( Gladstone et al. , 2012 ) . Social workers, nevertheless, have supported this household over many old ages and although battle is non described, impairment in the childrens development has continued. Assuming that my intercessions, hence, will needfully hold a greater impact is noncritical and as such I would reason the importance of lucidity, openness and honestness sing outlooks upon Sam and Paul and that if they are unable to safeguard and advance their childrens public assistance, with support, attention order options will be pursued, which could ensue in the kids being adopted. Reasoning this instance survey, I would propose is a complex undertaking, peculiarly as appraisal and public assistance planning are portion of a uninterrupted procedure and hence natural decisions do non needfully happen. Both constructs of important injury and kid in demand, I would reason, to some extent have been shown to be relevant to the Smart kids and that intercessions to advance wellness and development are required. Whilst a scope of appraisal accomplishments and methods have been explored, implementing these in pattern is more complex than conveying them within an statement and, I would propose, is mostly dependent upon the quality of working relationships with household members ( Platt, 2012 ) . Analyzing this instance survey has demonstrated to me the uncertainness which pervades safeguarding and advancing public assistance within societal work ( Ferguson, 2010 ) , the demand to do purposeful infinite for measuring strengths and protective factors ( Roose et al. , 2012 ) and the complexness of endeavoring for holistic analysis of inter-related presenting factors, whilst recognizing that uncertainness will stay in the ever-changing world of lives ( Saltiel, 2013 ) . Despite this, nevertheless, societal work requires a grade of decision, in coaction with household and treatment with directors, as safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of these kids necessitates competent and effectual appraisal, planning and intercession ( Munro, 2010 ) .

Critique on Creating Shared Value

Critique on Creating Shared Value In the January –February 2011 issue of ‘The Harvard Business Review,’ Michael porter and Mark Kramer wrote an article titled â€Å"The Big Idea-Creating Shared Value†. According to Porter and Cramer, the concept of shared value can be defined as â€Å"policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates†.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Critique on Creating Shared Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This quote from Peter Brabeck can bring the definition home. This new approach of doing business puts societies wellbeing at the centre of the companys strategy and operations. It enables the business to maximize economic value for the company while addressing societal challenges. They contend that this is a modern way of doing business and many companie s are embracing it for example GM, Nestle, Uniliver, Intel, Wal-Mart stores among others. Companies can create shared value in three major ways that are re-evaluating products and markets, redefining productivity in the value chain, and building supportive industry clusters at the companys locations. According McConnell et al. (2012), companies are beginning to realign their operational and production activities to meet the customer’s requirements in terms of the quality of goods and services that they produce. For example, food industries are now focusing on better nutrition instead of the traditional taste and quantity, in the technology sector computer manufactures such as IBM and Intel are now designing machines, which are more energy efficient. These are examples of where shared value has been created through development of products that meet societal needs. In the process of creating value, a company affects and in turn is affected by several social factors such as natu ral resource, working conditions, health and safety, water use, and fair treatment of workers. These societal factors can positively be exploited by the company and turned into economic gains instead of costs. Even in the absence of regulation, organizations that cannot create shared value still have to incur internal costs from externalities. To support this argument, Porter and Marker explain that Wall-Mart was able to create shared value by reducing its packaging and adopting new routes for its trucks to cut 100 million miles from its delivery routes in 2009.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Porter and Marker identified six major areas through which productivity in the value chain can be redefined. These are energy use and logistics, resource use, procurement, distribution, employee productivity, and location. Organizations have continuously revised their opera tions in order to come up with processes that are more energy efficient. This has been necessitated by continuous increase in oil prices and the rising opportunities for energy efficiency. This has resulted into efficient use of energy resources through better technology such as the computers manufactured by IBM and Intel, recycling, use of natural energy sources like the sun, windmill to light homes and irrigate farms respectively. Porter gives the example of British retailer Mark and Spencer initiative of stopping to source supply from distant places and shipping them to where the company is located. This initiative is projected to reduce costs by $175 million per annum by the financial year 2016 and significantly reduce on carbon emissions. According to Halbert et al. (2008), technological advancement together with environmental awareness is reshaping new ways in which we use resources such as water, raw materials, packaging of finished goods as well as recycling and re-use. Thro ugh technological advancement, it is predicted that better resource utilization will be finally embraced by all stages in the value chain. Coca-cola for instance has reduced its water intake by approximately 9% from the base year 2004It is almost halfway of achieving a 20% reduction by 2012. Dow Chemical’s is yet another example. It saved $4 million through cutting its water use by one billion gallons. According to porter when a company uses its monopoly power to exploit suppliers through payment of low prices for their supply, then the farmers are unlikely to remain productive and less likely to improve the quality of supplies. To increase productivity and ensure quality supplies companies should invest in providing inputs to farmers, sharing technology and financing the operations.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Critique on Creating Shared Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this way, they will be creating quality volumes of supply for themselves as well strengthening the suppliers. (Shared value) Nepresso one of the Nestle fastest growing divisions, has registered a significant growth of 30% since 2000. It has achieved these by formulating a procurement process that helps the small farmers in poor rural areas of Africa and Latin America. It has worked with these growers giving them advice on best farming practices, extending loan facilities, helping them acquire inputs such as fertilizer and plant seeds. It further established weighing facilities for coffee at the point of sale, a bonus paid to owners of quality beans directly to improve their incentives. This has resulted in breaking the cycle of poverty and improved environment. Nestle on the other hand was able to get continuous supply of good coffee (shared value created).this point further emphasizes the advantage of making the suppliers capable then buying from them. According to Gross Compa (2009), companies are real izing that investments in employee productivity through offering health cover, helping employees quit smoking cost less compared to costs associated with poor health of staff. In deed, even governments have been complaining that the total cost of treating smoking related diseases is much greater than the revenue derived from taxing tobacco products. This point out that even government needs to embrace the concept of shared value. Johson and Johnson Company saved a total of $250 million on health care costs. For each dollar spent on wellness programme since 2008, the company had a return of $2.75 in addition to a more productive work force. Modern business can no longer afford to move from once place to another in search for cheap labor and raw materials. This is because distant operations create more costs like the cost of buying supplies from one hemisphere then delivering them to another hemisphere, additionally, cost of energy and carbon emissions limit such mobility. Forbes maga zine (2011) notes that a mobile laboratory BMW Guggenheim lab will travel to nine major cities in the world in a span of nine years. It aims at getting new ideas in the areas of urbanization, architecture, science and technology, design and education that will address issues of current urban life through public discussions and programmes.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current global economic challenges that include double food production, increased demand for energy, water management, global warming are avenues through which business can think come up with a solution through long term sustainable and profitable growth that also focuses on social involvement. Furthermore, there is need to re engineer the model by which resources are used because it is more resource intensive and cannot be sustainable in the end. According to Zadak, in the pyramid of corporate social responsibility organizations have to be compliant with the laws, with the codes, and the values that it has (Including shared value). For weaknesses, in my view, the new model of shared value is a little biased. On one side, we can measure the returns to the firm through use of financial statements, but on the contrary, no framework by which we can measure the social aspects of the return. Secondly, how is it possible to achieve harmony between NGOs and private companies in the pro vision of societal services? NGOs view the society as aid recipients; private companies on the other hand view the same people as customers. References Forbes Magazine. (2011). Three great examples of shared value in action. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2011/06/14/three-great-examples-of-shared-value-in-action/ Gross, A. Compa, A. (2009). Human rights in labor and employment relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Halbert, T. Ingulli, E. (2008). Law and ethics in business environment. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. McConnell, C. R. et al. (2012). Economics (19th Edn.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Are You a Good Listener Quiz

Are You a Good Listener Quiz Are you a good listener? Lets find out. On a scale of 25-100 (100 highest), how do you rate yourself as a listener? _____ Let’s find out how accurate your perception is. Rate yourself in the following situations and total your score. 4 Usually, 3 Frequently, 2 Sometimes, 1 Seldom ____ I try to listen carefully even when I’m not interested in the topic. ____ I’m open to viewpoints that are different from my own. ____ I make eye contact with the speaker when I’m listening. ____ I try to avoid being defensive when a speaker is venting negative emotions. ____ I try to recognize the emotion under the speaker’s words. ____ I anticipate how the other person will react when I speak. ____ I take notes when it’s necessary to remember what I’ve heard. ____ I listen without judgment or criticism. ____ I stay focused even when I hear things I don’t agree with or don’t want to hear. ____ I don’t allow distractions when I’m intent on listening. ____ I don’t avoid difficult situations. ____ I can ignore a speaker’s mannerisms and appearance. ____ I avoid leaping to conclusions when listening. ____ I learn something, however small, from every person I meet. ____ I try not to form my next response while listening. ____ I listen for main ideas, not just details. ____ I know my own hot buttons. ____ I think about what I’m trying to communicate when I speak. ____ I try to communicate at the best possible time for success. ____ I don’t assume a certain level of understanding in my listeners when speaking. ____ I usually get my message across when I communicate. ____ I consider which form of communication is best: email, phone, in-person, etc. ____ I tend to listen for more than just what I want to hear. ____ I can resist daydreaming when I’m not interested in a speaker. ____ I can easily paraphrase in my own words what I’ve just heard. ____ Total Scoring 75-100 You’re an excellent listener and communicator. Keep it up.50-74 You’re trying to be a good listener, but it’s time to brush up.25-49 Listening isn’t one of your strong points. Start paying attention. Learn how to be a better listener: Active Listening. Joe Grimms Listen and Lead project is a fabulous collection of listening tools. If your listening could be improved, get help from Joe. Hes a professional listener.

Headscarve Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Headscarve - Article Example The word hijab comes from the Arabic language for veil and is used to describe the headscarves worn by Muslim women. These scarves, regarded by many Muslims as a symbol of both religion and womanhood, come in a myriad of styles and colors. The type of hijab most commonly worn in the West is a square scarf that covers the head and neck but leaves the face clear (Muslim Veils). A woman is judged by her appearance. The outward appearance provides the attitude, temperament and personality of the person. For this purpose, it is necessary to dress well. Now what is a dress' The dress is the covering for the body. To a woman, it includes the covering for the head as well. The teachings of the Quran uphold modesty. However, in the present times in Europe the word "modesty" has become blurred with women enjoying clothes that quite often reveal more and conceal less. In European nations, women enjoy same rights as men. They have pubs. They can strip down to the bra and shorts in the beaches. In case there is any mismatch, the women in Europe can struggle for equal terms. Hence, when it comes to the issue of the hijab it seems strange to them that nobody is objecting. The reason nobody is objecting appears to be that nobody is forced to wear the hijab. It is simply the instructions of the Quran. The followers take the Quran seriously. As regards persona, it depends on the wearer what she wants the hijab to do to her persona. The hijab may make the woman wearing it appear more charming. However, the purpose of hijab is modesty. "Tell the faithful women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts and not display their beauty except what is apparent of it, and to extend their scarf to cover their bosom" Quran, 24:31. In the present times, the hijab has been the focus of much criticism and controversy because of the way it has been viewed in western countries. The popular view in the western countries is that the hijab is a sign of religious oppression. The Muslim woman does not enjoy the type of freedom that her western counterpart does. Hence, the impression that the westerners appear to have is that woman elsewhere live in slavery. Contrary to this feeling, Muslim women, by and large, enjoy wearing the hijab and consider it a part of their religion and culture. This adherence to the hijab is mistaken for Islamic radicalism. This misinterpretation is the biggest hurdle to integration. It separates the law-abiding citizen

Nursing Education Systems of Ireland and China Essay

Nursing Education Systems of Ireland and China - Essay Example In 1998, the Report by Ireland’s Commission on Nursing presented a strong argument for enhanced education of nurses. This paved way for initiation of a degree program in nursing in 2002 and improvement has been taking place since then (O’Dwyer, 2007). Unlike in Ireland where development of nursing education started in the 1970s, in China, nursing education started developing early, following the arrival of Western missionaries in the year 1842 (Xu, Xu, & Zhang, 2000). By the year 1915, the country had an examination framework for certification of professional nurses. This was followed by introduction of a bachelor’s nursing degree programme in 1920, which was the first of its kind in Asia (Smith, 2004). Significant development followed thereafter with establishment of a government-sponsored nursing school being established in 1930. Development of nursing education in China continued until the year 1949, when government was taken over by the Communist party. This led to the abolishment of all nursing education beyond the secondary level. The remnant programmes comprised of three year training courses, after nine years in primary and intermediate academic levels. However, after the collapse of the Communist party government in 1977, gradual improvements started taking place. Bachelor degree nursing education was re-introduced in 1983 and significant milestones have been attained by China ever since (Xu et al., 2000). Government and Nursing Organizations Just like in other nations, Ireland and China have both governmental and non-governmental organizations that work to ensure that nursing education is comprehensive and sustainable. For instance, in Ireland, it was an organization named Irish Matrons’ Association (IMA) that commissioned the original report regarding improvement of nursing education in 1970 (Joyce, 2000). There is also the Irish Nursing Board (INB), which further stimulated discourse regarding the future of Irish educatio n in the nursing profession. The Irish Practice Nurses Association (IPNA) has also contributed significantly to the growth of nursing education and practice. Other Irish organizations that have played a crucial role in recommending and advocating for advanced nursing education and practices include the Irish Nurses Organization (INO) and Psychiatric Nurses Association (PNA). The Irish government also collaborates with other member nations of the European Economic Community (EEC). It is this affiliation to the EEC which ensures that Ireland adheres to general nursing education guidelines and recognition of nurses’ qualifications among member states (O’Dwyer, 2007). Presently, the Chinese Nursing Association (CNA) is recognized as the principal professional body for nurses in the country. The organization unites, develops and promotes nursing in all aspects, including advocating for nurses’ workplace rights and education opportunities (Smith, 2004). The Chinese go vernment also collaborates with international bodies like the World Health Organization (WHO), Project Hope and Heart to Heart, among others to ensure that it works towards establishing comprehensive university education programs for nurses. These organizations ensure that Chinese nurses are well-equipped in terms of experience, prior learning and knowledge of treatment strategies specific to Chinese culture (Xu et al., 2000). Current System of Nursing Education It is rather evident that nursing educ

Assignment Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment Questions - Coursework Example it is starting clearly the manner in which the payment is to be done, and it has the name of the person paying and that of the payee and it has got the sign of the person promising to pay the money. That is Richard Bell paying Lorry Motors (Singh, 2005). This is the case that requires the application of the principles under agency. Conville is acting in the capacity of an agent of Hughesville Manufacturing Corp., and she needs to quote the name of the principal whenever she is dealing on principal’s behalf. When she failed to include the name of the principal means that she is liable for any damages for her actions (Gregory & Reuschlein, 2001). An agreement entered into by Mr. Zucchini and Henry involves the sale of goods law. The agreement bases on misrepresentation where the Garden Farm Equipment sold the tractor to Zucchini based on false information discovered by the profession i.e. the mechanic. The deal is, therefore, void and cannot be enforced in a law court, and if Henry goes to court, Zucchini will be declared not liable and, therefore, no payments for Henry and pay damages caused to Zucchini (McKendrick and Gullifer, 2000). Peralta, E. B., & Aquino, T. B. (2009). Handbook on summary and small claims procedure and bouncing checks law: with notes on ejectment and Katarungang Pambarangay law. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book

Concert Report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert Report - Personal Statement Example Throughout this movement, imitative polyphony was the predominant texture as the melody created in the woodwinds was echoed by various other instruments especially the periodic feedbacks of the electric guitar played like a raw rock star by Kirk Hammet. The two songs played by the band were Nothing Else Matters and the most famous of their all, Master of Puppets. Through the experience of hearing these two very different works, I was able to comprehend the talents of the musicians. The very first performance by the one of the most famous band rouse a feeling of eagerness in the audience to listen more of their songs in the Apollo, but they left with striking sounds. (Wikipedia. /Metallica) The night could not have been made more rocking and entertaining once the heart throb of millions and my personal favorite of all female singers Madonna came to festoon the night. Smoke machines, lasers and all kinds of components which contribute collectively in producing a psychedelic show. She started her reign on stage with her all time favorite track Ray of Light followed by Hard Candy, Me against the Music and Miles Away. This portion was characterized by its dark and somber tone. The absence of the drums heard earlier left a weak beat and a suppressed meter. (Wikipedia. Madoona)

Literature by Women of Color Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literature by Women of Color - Essay Example In essence, food imagery is not only about material substance per se but also substantial materials or elements that refine and define a particular literary work. By and large, food is central to the narrative of the three texts. This paper touches the vibrant role that food serves in these literary pieces. It also explores food as a symbol and a mediator. The role of food significantly contributes to the theme of the piece and other elements characterized in literature. First, the image of food substantially helps visualized the narrative of the story. In â€Å"A Temporary Matter,† for instance, the almost empty pantry -- where food items are stock -- suggests the emptiness and absence of comfort needed for family who just lost a child. The failure to fill-up foodstuffs into the pantry, which used to be constantly filled-up and refilled, dramatically implies the failure to fill-up the sunken emotions between the husband and the wife, namely, Shoba and Shukumar. Second, food imagery vividly shows the character’s inner mind and heart. In â€Å"When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine,† for example, the confections that the main character brings to the host’s house strongly suggest his fatherly love of, and probably his missing of the, children. With the absence of his daughters, Mr. Pirzada tries to connect to his girls through the candies and cakes he gives to little Lilia. Foodstuffs permit the character to care and hope for the lives and safety of his family back home. Third, food in literature reveals the cultural upbringing and background of the characters in the piece. The foodstuffs apparent in Lilia’s home, which the characters share and eat, are expressions of shared culture and tradition. For instance, the chewing of fennel seeds after meal, the avoidance of drinking alcohol, among other things, are vital signs of inherited heritage of food etiquette from generation to generation. The invocation of the food names and

Concert Report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concert Report - Personal Statement Example Throughout this movement, imitative polyphony was the predominant texture as the melody created in the woodwinds was echoed by various other instruments especially the periodic feedbacks of the electric guitar played like a raw rock star by Kirk Hammet. The two songs played by the band were Nothing Else Matters and the most famous of their all, Master of Puppets. Through the experience of hearing these two very different works, I was able to comprehend the talents of the musicians. The very first performance by the one of the most famous band rouse a feeling of eagerness in the audience to listen more of their songs in the Apollo, but they left with striking sounds. (Wikipedia. /Metallica) The night could not have been made more rocking and entertaining once the heart throb of millions and my personal favorite of all female singers Madonna came to festoon the night. Smoke machines, lasers and all kinds of components which contribute collectively in producing a psychedelic show. She started her reign on stage with her all time favorite track Ray of Light followed by Hard Candy, Me against the Music and Miles Away. This portion was characterized by its dark and somber tone. The absence of the drums heard earlier left a weak beat and a suppressed meter. (Wikipedia. Madoona)

Information security legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Information security legislation - Essay Example Never the less, times have changed and the recent past has seen a lot of regulations and legislation which impacts information security. Some of these legislations are the European Data Protection Directive, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Capital Adequacy Directive, just to mention but a few. In the event of these new compliance rules organization are being forced to resort a range of codes and standards to control their information systems. (Purtell, 2007) Information security is an organization problem, and not a technologically one. With increasing spotlight on information security in legislation and the media all over the world, companies are being faced with a complex need to conform to privacy and security regulations and standards. This is making information security issues to be discussed in the boardrooms and many executives and directors becoming aware of their responsibility in ensuring information security in an organization. Information security is driven by; The knowledge of issues and challenges being faced in information security currently has increased. Through, the government, the media, crimes, cyber attacks and proliferation of products that are vulnerable, information security has continued to receive more attention (Purtell, 2007) Through successful attacks for example code red and Nimrod, companies are realizing that security technology product is not the overall solution to information security. Information security is an organization problem and technology is only but a small element in the organization. (Purtell, 2007) Companies are facing complex needs and requirements to conform to numerous regulation/standards. Even those vertical organizations such as financial services organizations, complication to adhere to security measures brought about by different regulations, for example the US Gramm-Leach Biley Act, 1999 (GLBA),

MGM International Resorts Case Analysis Memo Essay Example for Free

MGM International Resorts Case Analysis Memo Essay To: James J. Murren From: Date: November 18, 2013 Subject: Issues of MGM International Resorts I am writing this letter in order to address the slow recovery of your company. It has come to my attention that your company, MGM International Resorts, is facing some major issues as the gaming and hospitality industry struggles to recover. In this letter I plan to address the industries problems, and the specific issues that your company is facing. One of the major issues facing MGM International Resorts is that it is that the industry has a lot of overcapacity as demand has dropped from pre-recessionary evels when many big projects have been planned. This is evidenced by your companys ambitious pre-recession project CityCenter, the largest private development project in United States history. CityCenter ended up opening to little fanfare. The biggest sources of revenue in the industry were conventions. Due to the economic downturn in 2008, revenues from Conventions have decreased dramatically and have not fully recovered. Trade shows, associations and corporations traditionally paid a premium to meet in Las Vegas. Now with fewer organizations meet in Las Vegas, they can now negotiate lower prices. There are now increased leisure travelers going to Las Vegas to fill discounted rooms but does not help you increase revenue much as they do not like to spend money on your high end shopping and dining venues. Americans are also deciding more carefully spend their money preferring staycations in order to save money on increasing airfares and travel costs. This is mainly due to the decrease in discretionary spending of 43 percent from December 2007 to January 2011. The road to recovery from the start of the economic recession for the industry is slower than predicted. Your company also aces strong competition from competitors such as Wynn Resorts and Las Vegas Sands who have managed to fare in the recession substantially better. MGM Resorts Internationals financial statements are not very good relative to your competitors. Your company had a degradation of financials compared to your competitors whom of which fared the recession much better. Your company is highly leveraged with net debt to EBITDA of 1 1. 5 times. Boyd, Las Vegas Sands have lower debt leveraging at 8. x, 3. 3x, 3. 4x, and 1 . 9x respectively. You are also not as widely diversified in regional American markets such as in the Northeast. Your company has recently lost money posting a net loss of 1,437. 4 million in 2010. I will first analyze the health of the gaming and hospitality industry in Las Vegas in which you compete using Porters Five Forces of Competition Model. The indus try faces a lot of substitutes which your customers flock to. There is online gambling. This may keep people from flocking to casinos to gamble as they can conveniently do it at home. There are also closer example of this would be Empire City Casino in Yonkers, NY. It is only half an hour way from New York City and very convenient for those in the area who would Just like to gamble for a night and return home. You do not face a very large threat from new entrants as the capital requirements to enter the gaming and hospitality industry are very high. Customers are able to easily switch from staying on your properties to another companys property. Your company also possesses a wide variety of products that are differentiated. That being said, Industry Rivalry between you and your competitors are very high. All companies in the industry are on fairly qual ground ever since the recession. The costs to exit this industry are also very high. Customers again have very low switching costs and may switch between different properties as they see fit and the large excess in capacity in the industry means that you and all your competitors are cutting prices on rooms and services in order to attract business. The industrys suppliers of hospitality related supplies, such as food bed sheet and soap, and casino/gaming specific supplies, such as slot machines and thousands of decks of cards, have very weak bargaining power. The ew large companies within the gaming and hospitality industry have the bargaining power with when it comes to its two supplier lines as there are many of these suppliers to buy from while only a few large companies that are willing to buy. The ability to use a companys size to negotiate price and length of contracts for expensive high luxury furnishings and exclusive rights to a show or celebrity chef also gives the gaming and hospitality industry strength. While bargaining power of the suppliers is weak, the bargaining power of buyers is very strong. Customers have ery low switching costs and again the large excess in capacity in the industry means that you and all your competitors are cutting prices on rooms and services in order to attract business. Conventions, which are a large part of revenue have been on the downturn compared to capacity, again forcing prices downward. Buyers in the industry are also very price sensitive with many opting to take staycations where vacationers enjoy their time off closer to home. All of these forces add up to an industry that is relatively weak and recovering very slowly. Using the growth-share nalysis, your company is positioned as a cash cow which is very good. Your company has high market share in a slow growing industry. The company should worry though as it is close to being a dog of the industry as it has a lot of debt from ill-timed large projects such as CityCenter and must worry about other companies stealing market share as they are recovering faster. The industry is very capital intensive which means a lot of revenue is being reinvested back into the business. I will now analyze your company through SWOT Analysis. Your company has quite a few strengths that ill help your company into the future. Your companys large size gives it the upper hand in negotiating the best prices from its suppliers. It is very advantageous that your company caters to a wide range of customers from the high-end consumers with resorts such as the Bellagio offering exclusive products to the value-minded consumers with Circus Circus. Your ability to provide superior customer service by recruiting, training and retaining the best most motivated individuals is very valuable in your company. Your marketing and sales activities are another strong suit which compliments your services.

Dynamic Nature Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry

Dynamic Nature Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry Tourism is a combination of services, activities and companies that provides you traveling experience with transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment, activity facilities and other hospitality services (Mathieson and Wall, 1982). Hospitality is how well the community accepts you and their attitude towards you which make you feel safe and welcome. It is the interaction between the host and the guest associated with protection, etiquettes and respect. The extent to which the community shows hospitality varies with the culture and subculture of different societies (Lankford S.V, 1994). Tourism and hospitality is claimed to be the worlds largest industry by World Tourism Organization (WTO) with turnover of $3 trillion dollars. Sri Lanka is famous for its tourism, mainly because of its beautiful islands beaches, old heritage and worlds best resorts in mountains. Tourist comes from all over the world for facilitating themselves and for this purpose the main tourism organization working is Sri Lanka Tourist Development Authority. This Organization is working in developing Sri Lanka to be the Asias most preferable tourist destination. It uses its products creatively while promising effective and efficient use of resources. They are working hard to identify unique services, formulating as well as implementing new strategies for tourism development. Structure This assignment is divided into five different sections from section A to section E. Section A would discuss the brief introduction about tourism/hospitality and the tourism organization selected, section B would define the different services and product offering offered by tourism organizations in order to promote growth, section C would discuss about the global demand issues that drive the constant need for updating tourism services. Whereas section D will focus on innovative strategies and activities followed by tourism organization to satisfy these changes in demand. Section E would discuss the services provided by SLTDA. B) Different Product/Services by Tourism Organizations: The basic services that the every tourist expects to receive are: Accommodation: Varies according to your packages from motels, private small hotels, 5 stars hotels and resorts. Food Facilities: Tourist experience depends a lot on the food quality he is available to as most often people travel for exploring the beautiful locations and for enjoying the different kind of food of that country. Time and Money: Tourism Development depends a lot on the access and ease the tourist gets after enjoying his vacations and for that it is important that he does not faces such issues relating to time and money specially. Accommodation, Tours, Sight-seeing, Cruises, Car rentals, Best Air fare rates, Transportation, Tour Guides, Entertainment are some of the basic facilities provided to you by tourism organizations depending about your package. Whether you want to have a luxurious vacation with all the facilities at its best or a simple economical holiday, this tourism organization has packages according to your budgets and demands (David Weaver, 2005). Tourism organization has to work on constant basis for developing there product portfolio in order to maintain their demand and to stimulate growth because once you have plan to go on a vacation, at first you select the best possible place depending on your affordability and after you have shortlisted two to three places you start listing them according to their product/services offering. The best tourism package offered with all the preferable facilities and the one which is within your range as well (David Weaver, 2005) B.1) Different Value Added Facilities Provided By Tourism Organization: Bucket shop: Bucket shops are retail outlets which offer discount rates in airfares in commission with tourism organizations. Charter airlines: These airlines facilitate the movement of tourists on packages tours or seat-only package. They offer low cost transportation services to holiday destinations, for this the customer however has to make compromises by traveling at inconvenient hours or by providing just elementary services. Computerized Reservation System (CRS): Access to airfares, schedules, packages, availability of seats and reservation beforehand become possible by this system. C) Global Demand Issues in Tourism C.1) Background Diversification is important in tourism. It refers the addition of new product to the already developed products portfolio; it is a process by which new products are added to the product portfolio of a tourism business or destination in order to avoid over-dependence on a few, often highly competitive, products. Tourism has changed in the last 30 years with the rise of the jet aircraft; it has now emerged as a global phenomenon. It is today one of the most important global industry. 593 million tourist travelled abroad in the year 1996 while in 2003, 694 million tourists travelled worldwide (Long, P. T, 2000) Before it was difficult to analyze the accurate data but after the development of Tourism Satellite Account(TSAs) it became easier as TSAs informs you about the accurate, reliable and comparable data which is collected by individual nation. However it was also came in notice that economic crisis like Gulf War, effect of 9/11, oil crisis in 1970s effect tourism and tourism organization economically as it is a global risk for tourists to travel in such conditions (Stephen J Page, 2005). C.2) Consumer and the changing world The economical as well as geo-political situation demands for new strategies day by day. Variation in technology, demographics, political and world scenario changes the outlook of world as well as of customer. There are two perspectives in this new demand factor. Demand is influenced by factors such as traveling motivation and the ability to travel and on the other hand we have behavioral changes like destination preferences, ease at traveling, quality of experience but all these demands vary upon the intention of traveling. The person who has been traveling a lot and is experienced will adjust to the surrounding even if it is not according to his demands (Martin Lohman, 2004) The other influencing factors in the tourism demand are divided into different categories for better understanding that is economy, politics, crisis and threats, demographic change and technology and all these factors are inter linked with each other. These factors have impact as holiday demand is driven by the need, motivation and realization depending on the economical situation of the individual and freedom to travel. External factor has an impact by effecting the ability to travel that is freedom, money, time, physical ability) while consumer behavior does not depend on any single factor but is actually the reaction caused by the external factors and is also backed by the internal factors such as motivation, strong desire (Martin Lohman, 2004). Moreover there are several emerging factors having its impact on the demand and creating this dynamic nature of tourism which is known to all however bringing an overnight change is not possible, similarly these trends will also not change the world tourism. C.3) Demographic Changes: Although it was a constant process but in recent years it is showing changes more often now and is considered to be the most important in the European countries. These demographic trends have an impact on tourism plan of countries. Previous researches has shown that people in European countries doesnt change their traveling pattern due to their increasing age or retirement but it is now observed that the generation when will reach the age of 60s would not follow the same pattern. The senior citizen today are more active and enjoy all these tourism activities but the senior lot in next 15 years will be dull and less active comparatively. Similarly the declining rate in number of children is also showing some changes but this rate is really slow to bring in notice therefore one does not expect tourism organizations to change or re-orient their strategies (Lohmann and Denielsson, 2001). C.4) Standardization vs. Unique Offering: Technology is changing, with this new era of changing trend it is expected that the customers will demand for high quality product offering and will thrive for change but it is also stated that a little bit of standardization is a must for tourism product portfolio. But too much standardization will be a bigger risk for organizations because there will be no variety offering matching to the rapid demand of exclusivity. The customer today wants both quality and uniqueness. This means that the industry has a new challenge because it has to maintain a balance between standardization and exclusivity (Lohman, 2004) Moreover considering the ongoing demand it is not necessary that the tourism product offered is good or not similarly whether the product is considered good by the consumer is also not important, the important thing is that it should be considerably in the list of priority high lightened by the tourist and should be considered the best in the specific list. Same goes for the tourism organization which include travel agencies, operators, hotel management and transportation in-charge by offering convinces and guidelines to help the consumers (Lohman, 2004). Currently there is no major changes to be predicted but that doesnt mean that we take it as a smooth path because one cannot predict future and it is always expected to show unexpected event for example any political change, any natural disaster, epidemic disease, war) therefore it is necessary and also possible that the tourism organizations prepare for the changing trend which can be identified by keeping a close eye on current situation. Demand is high but that will not make you able to sell anything to experienced tourists (Taylor, 2001). All these above global issues make it necessary for the tourism and hospitality organization to constantly develop their products to meet the constant demand. D) Strategies and Different Activities Employed By Tourism Organizations: Strategic planning consists of several steps. The first step is to formalize a proper organization which controls all the necessary details. Then a vision must be developed about how you actually want to shape out everything followed by other details including infrastructure and investment issues. D.1) Competition: As time is changing the world is also in constant demand of change which is resulting in competition among different countries thriving for economic growth, development better than the other country. Similarly the world tourism is also emerging day by day and countries are trying to benefit themselves by developing their country into a proper tourist spot in return generating huge revenue (Fainstein Gladstone, 1999). This will also benefit the country in prospering as developing the country will make the government work on infrastructure and surrounding quality along with that it will help making the relation stronger of the host country with the other countries whose tourists are welcomed with immense hospitality. Moreover for handling tourism more employment is needed which is good for the localities and it is also noticed that those countries which are not developing themselves for betterment and tourism may left behind in such a competitive environment where every other nation i s fighting for a standalone position in the planet (Fainstein Gladstone, 1999). Not just internationally it is expected among the cities as well within the same countries to work for their own betterment competing with the other city of the same nation. Every city mayor should work for the development of its own city which may eventually result making the city a place for tourism destination (Holcomb, 1999) D.2) Strategies Development: Countries that strive to be competitive must develop a long term strategy and start working on it because without a plan you cannot achieve your goal. Its a long term process because developing a country in a preferable tourism destination and above all developing the sense of hospitality among the local community is not an easy job. Therefore for achieving this difficult task you need to first develop a strategy which is a set of policies intended to achieve your goal and mission (Getz, 1997). D.3) Innovation: Further more once the mission is achieved one must not take it for granted and should work to improve it day by day as tourism industry can never settle on one standardize procedure, it must keep brining innovation depending on the current trend and demands on its consumer (Van den Berg et al, 1995). D.4) 3 As of Tourism: There are 3 As of tourism which must be kept in mind all the time because it has the core importance Access: Transportation must be provided to the tourist easily so that they can easily access their desirable tourist spots. Attraction: Tourists must find variety of attractive places to visit and explore. They must have different choices to make so that they can enjoy their trip completely instead of sitting at home even on vacations. Amenities: The facilities available to the tourist on the particular location or destination they plan to visit. However the most important A in this category is the second one Attraction as tourism is all about exploring and visiting different locations (Dieke and Karamustafa, 2000). D.5) Events: People are getting involved into different kinds of events and therefore chose holiday destination considering the upcoming possible event, so that they can enjoy their holiday break completely. Therefore the event business is also a profitable business these days. It is also noticed that sometime events make the tourist visit a specific location for example Dubai festivals or fashion shows make people visit Dubai, which often doesnt hold a desire for exploring Dubai but those events (Getz, 2004). This helps a lot in off seasons when tourism is at a low level encouraging the tourists to visit helping the tourism organization in maintain their profits. Besides that it also help in developing an image of the host country in a favorable position making the country as a favorite holiday destination for people from all over the world. (Mossberg, 2000) As events are important part of tourism, one should work for its marketing in a proper way. Promotions through blogs, brochures, press release are some common way for marketing the events. Different marketing channels should be adopted for promoting the events so that everyone comes to know about it and it should be done giving enough time to the travelers so that they can plan a trip conveniently. D.6) Culture and Roots: The host country should emphasize on its culture greatly because the tourist find it attractive as it gives them something different to explore. Ancient heritage, monuments is of keen interest for the tourists and in this way one can make its own culture known to the people worldwide as well (Mossberg, 2000). E) Sri Lankan Tourist Development Authority: E.1) Tourism In Sri Lanka: Sri Lankas main business comes from its tourism. It has ancient heritage, beaches, beautiful mountains, lush green resorts making it a perfect spot for holidays. Tourists comes from every part of the world to visit Sri Lanka as it has a really good tourism development organizations working for the betterment of industry and bringing diversification in there product offering. Visa policy for Sri Lanka is comparatively easy to get. Usually they give a tourist visa for 30 days but it can also get extended. Your visa can extend up to three months by paying some amount and it can further increase for three months giving extension fees along with additional Rs.10,000 however extension more than this depends upon the concerned authority ((Sri Lanka Development Tourist Authority Online) E.2) Different Exclusive Offering By SLTDA: Sri Lankan Tourist Development Authority offers different exclusive services in order to satisfy their customers and confirming a great experience depending on their affordability Heritage: Sri Lanka is rich in ancient heritage. It has preserved Asian monuments which are an attraction for people all around from the world especially for tourists who are fond of ancient culture and tradition specially visits Sri Lanka for enjoying these cultural, belief and traditional way of living that is held in reserve in the roots of Sri Lanka. UNESCO world heritage, Adams Peak are some of the must visit in Sri Lanka.(Sri Lanka Tourism Guide) SPA and Ayuerveda Treatment: They just not revive your mind and body but also try to sooth your soul by providing you with the most popular method AYUERVEDA for relaxing your body and mind and healing spiritual and physical problems by herbal treatments, various relaxing bath and body massages along with physical exercises such as yoga, aerobics and particular diets which help one feel relaxing and completely enjoying this lavishness of life which you usually do not cherish in your daily routine (Sri Lanka Tourism Guide). Shopping Destinations: Apart from beautiful and lavish shopping malls in Colombo and other larger cities, one can also enjoy traditional villager shopping in small villages and handcraft material from local vendor on a very cheap price, while brass work of Sri Lanka is also very famous due to its finesse. Another purchase f Sri Lanka are its silverware that is also given as a souvenir at times but the most famous of all are the widest variety of stone found in Sri Lanka because of which Sri Lanka is considered among the largest gem producer country therefore you can also facilitate yourself by getting yourself these stones on your visit (Sri Lanka Tourism Guide). Adventures Sports: Sri Lanka offers the chances of indulging in all kinds of sports specially adventures involving waters as it has more than 100 beaches which facilitate you to go for water skiing, water surfing, scuba diving, boating, Speed boating. Moreover these sports are run under the supervision of professionals and when you are thorough professionals you can also try killer fall, head chopper and drop. Apart from water adventure one can also enjoy wildlife, forest exploration, mountain climbing for being able to witness the worlds most beautiful scenery ahead. Beautiful waterfalls are also one of the desirable scenes to watch in Sri Lanka. Safari which happens to be the national park of Sri Lanka has variety of animals including different kinds of mammals, elephant, hog, porcupine, ant eater and variety of monkeys as well. Islands have different kinds of reptile (snakes, crocodiles as well) making it dangerous to wander carelessly as it is said that out of all these hundreds of reptile kinds 5 of snake found are deadly.(Sri Lanka Tourism Guide) Festivals: Sri Lanka is a city of on going entertainment and therefore every season you will witness some kind of celebration going on. Cultural festivals, Harvest festivals or some regional ceremonies are always taking place. All these are the exclusive offering which is given by the Sri Lankan tourism organization to its tourists depending on their affordability level. Apart from those basic facilities like accommodation, transport, breakfast benefits are usually included in the tourism package. CONCLUSION: In the end it is concluded that tourism organization faces extreme global issues and if they want to be ahead of others they must constantly bring innovation intro their product portfolio. Strategies should be made and tourism organizations must follow them step by step. REFRENCES: David Weaver. 2005. The Ecotourism concept and tourism conservation symbiosis. Journal of sustainable tourism 13 (4): 376-389. Fainstein, S.S. and Gladstone, D. (1999) Evaluating urban tourism, in D.R. Judd and S.S. Fainstein (eds) The Tourist City, New Haven: Yale University Press. Getz, D. (1997). Event Management Event Tourism. Cognizant Communication Corporation Lankford, S. V. (1994). Attitudes and perceptions toward tourism andrural regional development. Journal of Travel Research, 31(3), 35-43. Lohmann, Martin (2004): The 31st Reiseanalyse RA 2001. Tourism; Vol. 49, NÂ ° 1 / 2001; pp 65 67, Zagreb. Lohmann, M. Danielsson, J. 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